Marine picoeukaryotes are very diverse and include many novel taxa. Using a curated dataset of 500 published 18S rDNA sequences from the Indian Ocean, we quantified diversity and novelty patterns. At a sequence distance of 0.01, the number of observed OTUs was half the number of sequences analyzed, indicating the existence of microdiverse clusters. We estimated 600-800 OTUs at this distance level, with most sequences related to marine clones from other sites and many distant to cultured organisms, highlighting the large culturing gap within protists.